1. Tillage and Seed Mechanization

Tillage is the first stage of agricultural production that has an important impact over efficiency. Tillage refers to soil aeration with purposes of weed control, seed bed preparation, irrigation, fertilizing, and soil aeration. Conservation tillage system ensures the conservation of natural resources like soil, water, and air through reduction of tillage intensity, mixing crop residues with the soil or cover plants.  Conservation tillage methods include zero tillage (direct seeding), strip-till, permanent hard soil tillage, and mulch tillage (reduced). Compared to conventional methods, water may be saved per unit area due to plant residues that reduce evaporation on the soil surface.  Direct seeding will lead to a higher organic carbon capture in soil than the conventional tillage. Research has shown that the use of zero tillage in rice-wheat seeding system has reduced the consumption of one million liters of drinking water and around 98 liters of diesel fuel as well as emission of 0.25 mg of carbon dioxide.  Intensive tillage will increase decomposition of organic substances that lead to emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere and decrease C sequestration in soil. In the long-term, conservation tillage practices will raise environmental quality and crop efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Combined tillage defined as the simultaneous operation of two or more different tillage equipment soil compaction, workmanship, time, and fuel consumption because of  decreasing the number of crossing.

2. Maintenance Mechanization

The weeds used in vegetative production competes with cultivated plants for water, nutrients, and sun light, and may negatively affect crop yield and quality if not controlled. Two widespread methods, mechanical and chemical, are used for fighting weeds.  Though herbicides seem to be an effective practice in eliminating weeds, they have toxic impacts on plants, animals, and notably human beings. The global environmental pollution problem emanating from the extreme use of herbicides entail alternative fighting methods and bring mechanical and autonomous weeding technologies to forefront. While different environment-friendly mechanical weeding equipment and machinery are used to fight the weeds in plant row and intra-row spacing, it is a fact that innovative technologies will come to fore in controlling the weeds, like more complicated smart weeding machinery, robotic weed control systems, artificial vision, and GPS navigation systems.

3. Harvest Threshing Mechanization

Mechanical harvesting of  almost the whole plants may be done in agricultural production. Addition of mechanical components like straw shredding particularly to harvesting and threshing mechanization will improve the performance of combined harvests of the crops and lead to obtaining high quality threshed crops from the combined harvester and to reduction in carbon emissions with simultaneous exiting of chaff from the combine harvester.

Smart farm mechanization is an agricultural development application largely incentivized in developed countries with a view to guiding agriculture under changing climatic conditions. Adoption of climate-friendly agricultural equipment and machinery will reduce green house gas emission, store carbon in soil, prevent soil degradation, and will raise the use of agricultural inputs. 

With the use of sustainable agricultural mechanization technologies, natural resources will be protected and further developed, and food security will be guaranteed. Furthermore, the renewal of agricultural equipment and machinery and the use of renewable energy resources will ensure to reduce agricultural production-based C emission.